Foundation Broad Cost Leader Essay

This practice exercise will help you understand the relationships between business strategy, tactics, functional alignment, and the Foundation ® simulation. We will use the Chester Company for this example. (During the practice rounds, each company is assigned a different strategy.) You will execute your plan by inputting the decisions described below. At the same time, your competitors will execute their assigned plans. The practice exercise will take three rounds As each round is processed, you will evaluate the results and then input the next round’s assigned decisions. Upon completion of the practice rounds, the simulation will be reset to the beginning. You can then create and implement your own strategic plan for the actual competition. Executive Summary The Chester team will adopt a Broad Cost Leader strategy, maintaining a presence in both segments. We will gain a competitive advantage by keeping R&D costs, production costs, and raw material costs to a minimum, enabling us to compete on the basis of price. Our Cost Leader orientation will allow us gain a competitive advantage based upon low prices. We will increase automation levels to improve our margins and to make it acceptable to run overtime (which we can also view as a second shift). Vision Statement Low priced products for the industry: Chester brands offer solid value. Our primary stakeholders are bondholders, customers, stockholders and management. Research and Development (R&D) We will keep our existing product line and launch one new product in order to maintain a presence in both the Low Tech and High Tech segments. We will work to keep our products up to date (i.e. Size and Performance) in each segment despite high automation levels. Marketing We will maintain awareness and accessibility. After we establish our cost leadership position we will revisit our situation to decide whether sales and promotion budgets should be reduced or if we should keep pace with our competitors. Our prices will be lower than average. Production We will significantly increase automation levels on all products. However, because automation sets limits upon our ability to reposition products with R&D, we automate more in the slower moving Low Tech segment than in the fast moving High Tech segment. We will prefer overtime to capacity expansions. Finance We will finance our investments primarily through long-term bond issues, supplementing with stock offerings on an as needed basis. When our cash position allows, we will establish a dividend policy and begin to retire stock. We are not adverse to leverage, and expect to keep debt/equity between 2.0 and 3.0. PRACTICE ROUND 1 Follow the decisions below. After the practice rounds are complete and the competition rounds begin, you are free to choose a different strategy; you are not obligated to continue as a Broad Cost Leader. R & D Round 1 Cake – Reduce reliability (MTBF) to reduce material cost. Example: Reduce MTBF from 21000 to 18000. Do not reduce MTBF below 17000 hours, because that is the lower limit of acceptable reliability (MTBF) for High Tech customers. New Product – Launch a new High Tech product, with a project length less than 2 years (no later than December of next year). Example: Name: Cedar (replace the first NA in the list), performance 9.0, size 11.0 and a reliability (MTBF) 20000. 1 Important: Under the rules of the simulation, the names of all new products must have the same first letter as the name of the company. Important: With the exception of the new product, make certain that the projects complete during this year before December 31st. Under the rules, a new project can only begin on January 1st. If these projects do not complete before the end of this year, you cannot begin follow-up projects next year. Perceptual Map from the Research & Development Spreadsheet: Product names in black indicate the product’s current location, names in magenta indicate the product’s revised position (with slight revisions, the names will overlap). Names of newly invented products appear in magenta. Marketing Round 1 Cake – Make moderate price cuts and decrease promotion and sales budgets. Forecast unit sales near last year’s level. Example: Price $33.50, promotion budget $800, sales budget $800. Forecast sales of 1300 units. New Product – Marketing decisions will be made next year when the new product is ready to begin production. Production Round 1 Production schedules will plan for eight weeks of inventory. That is, have enough inventory on hand to meet demand eight weeks beyond the sales forecast. This requires a 15% inventory cushion (8/52 = 0.15). For example, suppose Marketing forecasts demand at 1000, and you have 100 units in inventory. You want 1000 x 115% = 1150 available for sale. Since you have 100 on hand, you would schedule 1050 for production. If you cannot meet demand, sales go to competitors. Therefore, you want to plan for the upside as well as the downside. Your proforma balance sheet will forecast about eight weeks of inventory. You hope that your actual sales will fall between your sales forecast and the number of units available for sale. Schedule production for your existing product using this formula: (Unit Sales Forecast X 1.15) – Inventory On Hand. Cake – Increase automation level by 1.0 point. New Product – Buy 300,000 units of capacity by entering 300 in the Buy Sell Capacity cell. Set an automation level of 3.0. Important: There is a one year lag between purchase and use of new capacity and automation for both new and existing products. 2 Important: Make certain the Cake project completes during this year, before December 31st. Under the rules, a new project can only begin on January 1st. If a project does not complete before the end of this year, you cannot begin follow-up project next year. Finance Round 1 Your fiscal policies should maintain adequate working capital reserves to avoid a liquidity crisis. Working capital can be thought of as the money that you need to operate day-to-day. In Foundation ® working capital is current assets (cash + accounts receivable + inventory) – current liabilities (accounts payable + current debt). If you run out of cash because your sales are unexpectedly weak, an Emergency Loan will be issued. Here are some guidelines to help you avoid an Emergency Loan. Your proforma balance sheet predicts your financial condition at the end of this year. Make conservative sales forecasts. Do not rely on the computer prediction. Override it with a forecast of your own. If you are conservative, it is unlikely that your worst expectations will be exceeded. Next, build additional inventory beyond your conservative expectations. This forces your proforma balance sheet to predict a future where your sales forecast comes true and you are left with inventory. (If you sell the inventory, that’s wonderful.) On the Finance spreadsheet, issue stock, bonds or current debt until the December 31 Cash Position for the upcoming year equals at least five percent of your assets, as displayed on the proforma balance sheet. This creates an additional reserve for those times when your worst expectations are exceeded and disaster strikes. As you gain experience with managing your working capital, you will observe that the guidelines above make you somewhat â€Å"liquid,† and you may wish to tighten your policy by reducing cash and inventory projections. That is fine. The better your marketing forecasts, the less working capital you will require. Match your plant investment with a long-term bond. If you do not have sufficient new bond debt capacity, issue stock to cover the shortfall. Do not pay a dividend. Save decisions (select â€Å"directly to the website†). PRACTICE ROUND 2 R & D Round 2 Cake – Improve positioning and reduce age. Reduce reliability (MTBF) to reduce material cost. Example: Increase Cake’s performance to 6.7, reduce size by 13.0, and reduce MTBF to 17000. New Product – Note that the new product’s row is yellow instead of green, and that you cannot change these cells. This is because your product will not emerge from R&D until its current project completes. Under the rules of the simulation, new R&D projects cannot begin until the old one completes. 3 Marketing Round 2 Cake – Offer a price cut to $32.50. Hold promotion and sales budgets near current levels. Cake will still sell to both Low Tech and High Tech customers. Enter a forecast of 1100. New Product – Price at $44.00, Promotion at $1000, Sales at $1000. Since Cedar won’t be ready to enter production until well into this year, so enter 200 for sales forecast. Production Round 2 Schedule production using the formula: (Unit Sales Forecast X 1.15) – Inventory On Hand Important: As your new product is coming out sometime during the year, you might not be able to use the above formula – new products cannot begin production prior to their revision (release) date. Should the number you enter into the production schedule turn red, reduce the schedule until the red number turns black. Cake – Increase automation by 1.0 or 2.0 points. New Product – Increase automation level, but only by 1.0 points. We will want to begin repositioning it next year in order to keep it fresh for High Tech customers. The higher the automation rating, the more difficult it is to reposition. We must strike a balance between our cost pressure requirements vs. our need to reposition often. FINANCE ROUND 2 Match your plant investment with a long term debt (bond). If you do not have sufficient new bond debt capacity, issue stock to cover the shortfall. Look at the proforma balance sheet, and add together your Cash and Inventory accounts. Apply the following rule of thumb. Keep between 15% and 20% of your balance sheet assets in Cash plus Inventory. You do not care about the mix, but you do want to have adequate reserves to cover unexpected swings in inventory.

African American Struggle Essay

The story of African immigration is unique among immigrant groups, just as the African experience in America has been exclusively essential to the course of American life. Unlike other immigrants, most Africans came to North America against their will, caught up in a cruel system of human exploitation. The treatment we endured in the United States was of a harshness hardly ever surpassed in recent history, and their role in U. S. society was contested with a rage that nearly tore the nation apart. The centuries-long battle African Americans waged for freedom, for dignity, and for full participation in American society completely transformed the nation, and shaped the world we live in today. Today, there is no aspect of life in the United States that has not been touched by the African American experience; there is no institution, custom, or daily practice that has not been influenced or remade by the efforts of African American thinkers, workers, artists, activists, and organizers. African Americans faced every form of racism, prejudice, and segregation possible. We were not allowed to eat, drink, or even sleep in the same places with white people. They had everything marked whites or colors, and that was considered segregation. If an African American were to break one of those â€Å"rules† they would suffer great pain whether mentally or physically. When segregation came to an end, blacks were still not welcome to partake in the world comfortably. We were constantly going through life feeling like a slave although freedom was granted. Affirmative Action, in the United States, was to overcome the effects of past discrimination by allocating jobs and resources to members of specific groups, such as minorities and women. The policy was implemented by federal agencies enforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and two executive orders, which provided that government contractors and educational institutions receiving federal funds develop such programs. The Equal Employment Opportunities Act (1972) set up a commission to enforce plans. The establishment of racial quotas in the name of affirmative action brought charges of so-called reverse discrimination in the late 1970s. By the late ’70s, however, flaws in the policy began to show up good intentions. Reverse discrimination became an issue, epitomized by the famous Bakke case in 1978. Allan Bakke, a white male, had been rejected two years in a row by a medical school that had accepted less qualified minority applicants-the school had a separate admissions policy for minorities and reserved 16 out of 100 places for minority students. The Supreme Court outlawed inflexible quota systems in affirmative action programs, which in this case had unfairly discriminated against a white applicant. In the same ruling, however, the Court upheld the legality of affirmative action.

Country School Research Critique

Qualitative Study Evaluation Eleanor Vernice Siyon u7a1 Capella University Quarter & Year: Summer 2012 Address (optional): City, State, Zip (optional): Phone (optional): E-mail: [email  protected] edu Instructor:Pat Ryan Qualitative Study Evaluation The one- teacher country school is largely the past practice of the American educational institution. This one teacher setting was characteristic of the recitation process used by students to â€Å"recite† to the teacher what one had learned from their lessons.The teacher characteristically would ask questions of their students during their process to glean the answers and evaluate the progress of their students. Traditionally these classrooms consisted of multi-age, multi-grade level all situated in one classroom with one teacher. This evaluation is about one such educational system in the state of Nebraska. It is an ethnographic study title â€Å" Notes on a Country School Tradition: Recitation as an Individual Strategy† The stated purpose of this study was to view the practices of some of the one-teacher schools and to determine what may be learned from them.This evaluation will proceed by evaluating the validity and effectiveness of this research in its relation to the following categories within the study. The categories are as follows: the problem statement, review of the literature, the purpose statement and central phenomenon, validity of the data collection, validity of data analysis and findings, and the quality of writing and its consistency with the qualitative criteria. 1 Evaluation of the Title The title of the study â€Å" Notes on a Country School Tradition: Recitation as an Individual Strategy† This title does not reflect the central phenomenon being studied. Feature Article  Country School  Allen CurnowThe central phenomenon is the investigation of recitation in a one-teacher school as a patterned and functional response to the conditions of smallness, and it’s interrelationship to parental and community expectations, along with the inevitable transfer of these students to larger middle and secondary schools in an environment in defense of their way of life at a time of rural social and economic decline. The title does reflect the site (country school) and the people. 2 Evaluation of the Problem Statement The author does have an educational issue to study, though not clearly stated in the problem statement.It may be assumed due to the fact that many of the children taught in this recitation method in the small schools went on to do very well in the large secondary and middle school settings. Therefore, a comparison of this small school approach and the differing large school approach is worthy of further educational study. I b elieve that the author has provided evidence that this issue is important because of the research that is stated about the benefits of smaller schools and the success of the students once they leave the one class environment.There is an indication that the author has located this issue through past research as he mentions the various literature that he has read in the past about this subject matter. I feel that this study may have been more beneficial as a mixed design approach. The ethnographic design did give an excellent insight into the values of the rural people and the day to day activities of the students and teacher. It was also very helpful to see firsthand how the recitation process worked.But there are other variables in the problem statement such as: recitation as a functional response to smallness, conservatism toward knowledge and learning, and parental and community expectations. An indication of how these variables correlate to the acceptance of this method of educat ion may have been handled more effectively with a correlational approach. The assumptions of the study seem to be more consistent with a mixed methods approach. 3 Evaluation of the Review of the Literature The author does present reviews on the effects and various studies regarding class size.I do not believe he provided literature that specifically analyzes his research problem. I also felt his literature base was scant. But he does state that very little if any existed for the one teacher one class school room. The study does follow the APA style. 4 Evaluation of the Purpose and Research Questions The purpose and research questions were not fully apparent to me. I have an idea of what he was attempting to answer but I feel his questions and purpose was lost in the narrative and I felt as if I was reading a very interesting story about a rural school.Perhaps this author attempted to answer the purpose within the narrative. If he did so, I don’t feel the question was fully ex pressed or answered. I see no evidence of subquestions whatsoever 5 Evaluation of Data Collection The data collection was quite informative. It gave daily schedules and also listed the children, their ages, grades, studies, and gave backgrounds about family histories, etc. I feel that the data collection is very understandable and clearly specified with adequate titles and understandable tables. They were an easy read.The author shows evidence of using protocol as his data is arranged in an orderly and organized fashion that matches what one is reading at the time. 6 Evaluation of Data Analysis and Findings The author did an excellent job in putting the text into themes. I am not convinced that his categories did enough to relate his central phenomenon. The author did get a lot of useful quotes from the teacher, parents, and students which showed support for this way of life. Multiple layered themes were derived in terms of why the parents and the teacher thought this was the best f orm of education. I did not find that the findings fully answered he research questions. In the end the question of recitation as a functional response to smallness was just not clear to me. In fact I saw it more as a function of tradition and a desire of the community to stick with what works for them. The findings were did not match the research problem therefore they were not accurate. The author in my opinion, started with one central question and somehow put together something else which amounted to a view of a country school and the impact on the cty and students and teacher on a daily basis. Multiple perspectives were not explored in terms of those outside of this community.All findings were represented in narrative discussions. 7 Evaluation of the Writing This account was written persuasively and convincingly. It was written from a first person point of view consistent with the qualitative research design. The writing was lively and there was use of the various literary appr oaches such as metaphor, simile, and various other literary details. The author carefully and figuratively describes the settings in a number of instances. He also carefully describes the physical appearance of at least one child to the delight of the reader.I enjoyed reading it as it read like an exciting story and gave me a delightful look into the educational, and daily life of the participants. The study is written from a personal point of view and it is written appropriately for the intended audience which is a journal entry. 8 Conclusion I really enjoyed reading this study. But in the end I felt that the author did not present his research in such a way that shed any light on his central question. If his purpose was just to show us the workings of the one-class system and why the rural community wanted it to stay he accomplished his mission.But his central purpose states that: â€Å" I investigate the residual form of the recitation in a modern one-teacher school in rural Neb raska as a patterned response to the conditions of smallness. Conservative in its orientation toward knowledge and student learning, the recitation is explored as a functional response to the context of smallness, implicit parental and community expectations, inevitable student transfer to large graded middle and secondary schools, and its symbolic defense of community at a time of rural social and economic decline. I could not find any indication that recitation was a patterned response due to conditions of smallness or as a functional response to the context of smallness. References Barker, R, & Gump, P. (964). Big school, small school: High school size and student behavior. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press. Cohen, D. K. (988). Teaching practice: Plus ca change †¦ In P. W. Jackson (Ed. ), Contributing to educational change: Perspectives on research and practice (pp. 27-84). Berkeley, CA: McCutcheon. Cuban, L. (1994). How teachers taught: Constancy and change in American classrooms.New York: Teachers College Press. Darling-Hammond, L. (1997). The right to learn: A blue-printfor creating schools that work. San Francisco: jossey-Bass. DeWalt, M. (997). One-room school: Current trend in public and private education (Research Report). Rock Hill, SC: Winthrop University. Drabenstott, M. (1999, 1st Quarter). Consolidation in U. S. agriculture: The new rural landscape and public policy. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review. Elmore, R E (996). Getting down to scale with good educational practice. Harvard Educational Review, 6

Discussion 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion 4 - Assignment Example nexpected medical costs hence saving you from bankruptcy and deep debts when you have to pay for your medical bills from the pocket (HealthCare.gov n.d.). . They not only will save you from the high costs of meeting medical expenses but can also help protect your children from diseases, as obesity, which is in the recent past, has been a major issue in America. For, instance it is assumed that if parents accessed healthcare insurance for their kids, they would be able to take them for regular check-ups hence the issue of obesity would be outdated because doctors would be able to observe any trends in the kid’s weight. Either it is believed that if all Americans had access to health coverage, all communicable diseases would be wiped out of America. Therefore, it is evident that health coverage is imperative for all Americans. To solve the issues crippling the healthcare system, all Americans should have access to healthcare insurance coverage. Because nobody wants to get hurt or sick, all Americans hence need care when faced with medical complications. To save all Americans from unexpected medical costs, healthcare insurance coverage should be made accessible to all. Innocent kids of America can thus be safe if insurance coverage should be made

Women Inequality and Development in Middle East Essay

Women Inequality and Development in Middle East - Essay Example This essay stresses that there are many ethnic groups residing in the Middle Eastern countries but unluckily all of them have similar though patterns of male dominating society. Men feel a sense of satisfaction if they pressurize their female counter parts. That is the reason behind a suppressive behavior for the women of Middle East. The conservative thoughts of the people have narrow down the space for women to survive in their families, society and generally in the state. There are even some severe cases of sexual violence in some states of the Middle East. The violence is not only sexually abusive, moreover it also affect mental and behavioral aspect of any woman. This mental and physical torture may cause a depression in the females and thus their skills and potential capabilities will also be disturbed. The women should raise their voices against this brutal social and cultural practice of the Middle Eastern male dominant societies. The world will consider the women rights if w omen themselves stand against them. This paper makes a conclusion that religion’s teachings are also very important but still culture has its own importance for shaping the people’s behavior in this regard. In case of Middle Eastern countries, the cultural values are dominating over the religious values and norms. The worst situation is that people even are not aware of their religious teachings and they are just following the cultural practices in their lives.

Cost Allocation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cost Allocation - Essay Example The City has implemented several programs aimed to support public safety. To start with, in response to the current size of population and the habitants’ calls for police, the Police Department will have 21 new patrol officers every year and more staff on critical times. In order to fulfill the needs of more numerous staff as well as to improve its efficiency, the Police Station will be provided with additional facilities. When it comes to human services, the main cost driver is an increased demand for such services as food assistance and emergency shelter in difficult economic times (City of Seattle 6). The City devotes a significant amount of money to the Housing First initiative, shelter and day-services programs, and food programs. Finally, given the high level of juvenile delinquency and a great number of deaths due to the availability of guns, the City will support the Seattle Youth Violence Prevention Initiative, aimed to deal with the most vulnerable youth. These costs drivers were selected as they reflect the needs and priorities of the Seattle community. Public safety, human services, and youth violence prevention should be fully supported by the City as all of these services contribute significantly to the wellbeing of habitants. Identification of individual costs and cost drivers enables the Government to allocate adequate resources to each entity. A more uniform method of allocating costs may result in a disproportionate allocation of costs among the organizations, which would not reflect the actual needs of the society. The allocation of costs in the governmental setting, which involves complex analysis of the current economy and, thus, allows response to the priorities of the society rather than economic benefits for the companies and organizations involved. The US Department of Human Services has a special Division of Cost Allocation (DCA), the objective of which is to ensure that indirect costs paid by the

Conflict of Interest Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict of Interest - Case Study Example For instance, let us presume that Riordan Manufacturing has a pending petition for the issuance of a patent in a government office having charge of intellectual property and this lawyer-cousin of Dr. Riordan is the head of that intellectual property office which has a judicial or quasi-judicial function over the matter; under this set of circumstances, there can be the possibility of bias or prejudice on the part of that lawyer-cousin. In such an instance, the lawyer-cousin has to inhibit himself from any participation in the intellectual property case. However, the fact that the lawyer-cousin of Dr. Riordan is a partner of Litteral & Finkel and the latter law firm is the retained outside counsel of Riordan Manufacturing does not constitute any conflict of interest nor does it pose some possibility of bias or prejudice as will be contrary to public interest, public policy or public order. Interestingly, this aspect is even moot and academic because the said lawyer-cousin is already dead. Another possible conflict of interest is in a situation where a strained relation arises between Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral & Finkel. ... Riordan is a partner of Litteral & Finkel and the latter law firm is the retained outside counsel of Riordan Manufacturing does not constitute any conflict of interest nor does it pose some possibility of bias or prejudice as will be contrary to public interest, public policy or public order. Interestingly, this aspect is even moot and academic because the said lawyer-cousin is already dead. Another possible conflict of interest is in a situation where a strained relation arises between Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral & Finkel. To illustrate, assuming that Riordan Manufacturing sustained damage because Litteral & Finkel did not well attend to a certain legal responsibility and the former sued the latter for professional misconduct. In this example, there is conflict of interest on the part of the lawyer-cousin, presuming him to be then still alive. He has to either resign from the law firm or take a full and absolute leave until the matter between Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral & Finkel is resolved. Please be it noted, however, that the degree of cousin relationship has to be of close consanguinity (by blood) as will cause a doubt in the mind of an ordinarily prudent man. Here is another instance where conflict of interest can be present. Suppose that Riordan Manufacturing has a pending controversy in court with X Company and the latter approaches Litteral & Finkel to represent it (X Company) in the case. Under this situation, Litteral & Finkel has to refuse accepting the offer for professional engagement because of apparent conflict of interest. (Conflict of Interest. Law Encyclopedia. Answers.com. [internet]) (Conflict of Interest. Rule 4-1.7. Lawyer Regulation. Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. THE FLORIDA BAR. [internet] ) References Conflict of

International Analysis of Organization Design Essay

International Analysis of Organization Design - Essay Example Despite the fact that the advances in technology has allowed for faster and easier communication among various countries, it is quite evident that the culture of each country or society continues to influence the organizational design of various entities. This in turn affects how a business or an organization performs in that particular market or country. China is one of the countries whose national culture has continued to influence organizational design. Despite the impact and influence of western cultures on the nation, various organizations are still designed in line with the Chinese culture. This is in terms of the structure of these entities, the corporate culture, the scanning practices and the human resource systems and structures within these firms (Baird 390). Various companies, both small and large have strived to come up with organizational structures to be in line with the existing Chinese culture. This has enabled them to operate effectively and achieve their goals and objectives in the wider China market. China has grown over the years to become one of the major powerhouses in the world in terms of manufacturing and commerce. This has somehow been attributed to the prevailing culture. One of the aspects that help in understanding the national culture of a country is the way that particular culture balances the esteem of the individual members of the society and the needs and the requirements of a group. Some societies promote individualism while others encourage collectivisms. According to Baird, China is a county that tends to encourage collectivism (384). Unlike western cultures where individualism and individual achievement is promoted, the Chinese culture values collective responsibility and group achievements. According to the Chinese culture, the members of the society or employees are normally required to subsume their individual or personal desires in preferences to the efforts of the group. This, therefore,

Public Opinion (American Politics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Opinion (American Politics) - Essay Example That is, the institutions and politicians shape all the elements of political issues known to the public. The school is one of the organizations that assist the state in shaping public opinion. In the school, the students would learn the political system values and carry it with them in their lifetime. The media passes information that influences the public opinion. The media is a common tool that the politicians use to influence their interests. In addition, opinion leaders have a role in shaping the public opinion. Since the leaders have a voice in the society, people tend to think that his opinion is the best one most of the time. Thus, they do not bother to find out the truth from other sources (Schmidt, Shelley & Bardes 2009). Political ignorance could be beneficial to citizens. Discussing and following the opinions of the political leaders could be misleading. As stated above, many of those who follow politics closely are only interested in casting their vote in the right places. Many of those who do so for the sake of voting do not realise that their vote could not make a difference. Even those who do not participate in political opinions, still cast their votes. It is much cheaper to cast a vote than to follow all political proceedings to make a decision. Thus, for many people it is safe to avoid all the stress of political activities and concentrate on other useful activities that would improve their life. The level of political ignorance has been the same for years. However, the same opinions have existed for decades. The opinions  do  not prevent politicians from having their say. The politicians sway the public opinion to their advantage despite the level of political information to the public (Somin 2013). Opinion leaders have information on certain issues that are not clear to the public. It is their duty  to advise  the masses  on  the meaning of these issues. The

Comparisons & Careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparisons & Careers - Essay Example local, public health aims to prevent disease, promote population health, and prolong life through organized community or group efforts (Beaglehole & Bonita, 2009, 2). Thus, it is essential to study the individual population health of each country in order to understand the global public health of the United States. To have a comparison of public health among other countries and the United States, the author selected Kenya’s health data. Kenya is located in the African region and the health metrics used both in Kenya and United States’ health data are for 2009. From the global perspective, 50% must be the global average of population living in urban areas. Kenya has less than global average of people living in the urban areas (22%) while the United States is far above the global average (82%). Meanwhile, United States has greater life expectancy (81 years) than Kenya (62 years) from a global perspective of 71 years (WHO, 2012, n.p.). Other health metrics are also observed, particularly those of mortality rates among children, adult risk factors, availability of health workforce, and inequities in health care. Surprisingly, the author found strikingly deviations between two countries and the global perspective of public health. For instance, health metrics of Kenya revealed that the population has higher mortality rates than U.S. in children under five years old, adult, pregnant women, and those with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Kenya’s morality rates of 63 cases of HIV per 1,000 population aged 15-49 years and the 283 cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 population have caught the attention of the author as communicable diseases are more prevalent in Kenya (76) than in U.S. (9) while non-communicable diseases are more prevalent in U.S. (72) than in Kenya (14) (WHO, 2012, n.p.). In addition, the author found out that there are 360 deaths per 100,000 population due to maternal-related causes which calls for exte nsive need to address this health problem. Other

Two of years studying a foreign language should be required in high Essay - 2

Two of years studying a foreign language should be required in high school - Essay Example I took advantage of the subject of English in the school. It was fun. Studying foreign Languages is of extreme importance in the contemporary age. â€Å"Primarily, learning a second language provides countless opportunities† (â€Å"Is Learning†). Firstly, learning a new language is similar to discovering it which is adventurous. I found it the most terrific experience in the world. Young people should learn another language. The government should make this decision easy for the students. For example, the schools can start over with the lessons of music in a foreign language. Students would face difficulty in the start. Another way to make learning a foreign language easy is to use the language in playing. For example, the teacher can set competition between the students and offer a gift to the winner. The students would really like it. In addition, there are other benefits of doing that. This is how to deal with other people. Secondly, dealing with other people using English language is such a good thing. Many countries use English as one of the most commonly used languages especially in learning institutions. For instance, Saudi Arabia students use English as the instructional language. I had a personal experience on benefits of learning English when I traveled to France. I was scared of being lost because I do not speak French. However, I used English language to speak to people at the airport. Therefore, I am encouraging people use English as professional Language especially considering that English is the most widely used language in the world. Thirdly, studying English improves learning skills. "In general, competitive colleges require at least two years of foreign language classes in high school" (Grove). Students should practice and do their homework in English. This is important considering that reading is the most important learning skill. Students should read a lot stories and journals to improve their

Black people Essay Example for Free

Black people Essay Race and racial issues are all around us. Nobody can sneak behind a curtain, or tuck themselves away in a dark room to avoid this; there isn’t a way to escape racism. Our day to day lives are filled with stereotypes and overgeneralizations that make us think and judge the wrong way. We weren’t born into a race or into a category, but rather into a large melting pot. As Tim Wise said, majority of cops when asked â€Å"What would you assume about a Black or Latino male who lives in a shady neighborhood and has a nice, new car? † would respond â€Å"those men are more than likely drug dealers† just because of their race, when in fact, when compared to Black and Latino males, White males are four times more likely to be in possession of drugs at the time of an arrest. Our founders did not want this to be the case. Abraham Lincoln fought to end slavery and abolish the inequality between Human Beings, not guide us in to thinking the color of our skin shapes us and the opinions we create for others based on their â€Å"race†. Can you believe that ninety-four percent of White Americans believe that racial problems are a small issue like not being able to find the match to your shoe, whereas the other six percent are fully aware that this is a huge controversial issue? Those people who believe racism has dwindled down that much need to have an eye opener. Majority of â€Å"White Americans† are the ones who stereotype and categorize those of a different skin color. It is us â€Å"White Americans† who benefit from being the main race, and having the â€Å"White privilege†. More people need to go to a Black neighborhood and talk to those who see racism every day because in the area that about half of us live, racism is small compared to a large city. White privilege might have begun around the same time slavery had. White people, being the majority, saw the â€Å"new race† as an opportunity to become supreme ruler over something, to have large groups of people work for them. The African American community thought differently, and tried running away. Infuriated, the Whites began on a whole new level believing anyone who ran away from the plantation was sick. Slavery in general, helped create white privilege and stereotype all African Americans into the working type, and now the druggies. All these past experiences have made it harder for African Americans to strive in our society. In previous decades, they deliberately separated White and Black neighborhoods, and when a Black moved into a White neighborhood, the houses value and the neighborhoods value decreased just because the people who moved there were of a different color. It is absolutely ridiculous that racism is still around about just as much as it was seven years ago. Anybody with logical thinking would believe that it would have dwindled down to something less severe. Unfortunately, several towns are still divided and segregated because of race and skin color. I hope I get to see every race and skin color come together and work together fully, across the nation before I’m fifty, that’s thirty three years from now.

Piracy at sea, past and present

Piracy at sea, past and present Summary The purpose of this report is to educate readers of the piracy at sea comparing piracy in the past and present. The earliest record of piracy at sea was in the year 69 in the Mediterranean Sea, however piracy is suspected to have dated back to the time where humans started using the sea as their trade routes the exact date is not known. The Medias used to gather and compile to put this report together was mainly found on search engines like Google or yahoo and online encyclopaedias also contributed, minimal information was taken from newspaper articles. The history of piracy, infamous pirates, background of pirates and also modern day pirates are just a few of the points on piracy that will be covered in this report. The act of piracy is mainly carried out for gold or money that the pirates will demand for certain goods that they have taken from a ship or the entire ship itself. The only punishment for pirates in the past was hanging if they were caught however the navy was occasiona lly called in to capture these pirates and in some cases large numbers of pirates were wiped out. The creator of the Jolly Roger was by 18th century pirate Captain Jack Calico Rackham. The bodies of the hanged pirates were sometimes left alone to scare the civilians preventing them from wanting to become pirates to avoid the grisly fate of death by hanging. There are numerous causes for the unusually large number of pirates in Somalia however the same cannot be said for pirates in other parts of the world as the government lacking Somalia can do little to prevent ships from other countries from overfishing and dumping of toxic waste in their waters destroying their marine life. In the past wooden ships with sails and occasionally oars were used by pirates and a reinforced hull would often be added to ram ships. Modern day pirates however use small speed boats that are able to chase down large tankers on shipping lanes and they are also equipped with semi-automatic rifles. Some shipp ing companies have equipped their ships with radar and a sonic weapon that creates a high frequency sound wave bursting the ear drums of pirates preventing from hijacking vessels, the radar helps to locate nearby vessels that are unknown allowing the captain to steer the ship away from them before they are spotted. Some companies also reroute their ships to take a longer more expensive routes in order to avoid places like Somalia where there are many pirates. The only thing that is being done by government is the prosecution of anyone who commits an act of piracy. I do not agree with this as in my opinion the root of the problem should be first addressed before the secondary one can be overcome. For example the root of the problem of piracy in Somalia would be the lack of government so that should be solved first however nothing is done to solve it. Pirates have long been used in Medias such as the movies and television where the pirates are portrayed as people who wear the same thi ng all the time and carry weapons. The media also show pirates with weird accents and they use weird combination of words that will be later revealed in shows or books what they mean. 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose This report will be used to educate people and allow them to further understand piracy at sea and to allow introduction of certain methods that could be used to prevent piracy, precautions that can be taken by both the government and the shipping industry. It will consist of the definition, the causes, history of piracy at sea to date and also statistics on the subject. 1.2 Background Piracy dates back to the time when people started using the sea as trade routes. It is an act of robbing or cause violence to the sailors on another vessel. Piracy can occur on shore or at sea, the numerous definitions of modern day piracy includes kidnapping where one holds a prisoner for ransom. Seizing of valuable items carried on the ship while on route to a port for example oil, cars, weapons. The sinking of ships is also considered an act of piracy. 1.3 Method of Research Most of the information in this report was attained by collecting information from multiple online databases and compiling them. Other sources include newspaper articles also biographies of hostages and pirates that decided to pen down their experiences, documentaries also contributed to the production of this report as many interviews were done on both pirates and their victims. 1.4 Scope of Research This report will mainly cover the history of pirates and their origins, well known pirates and the things they did to become infamous, pirates in present day their causes and ways to help or prevent them from successfully commandeering ships and kidnapping hostages for ransom. 2.1 Early beginnings The oldest records tell us that the earliest known pirate went by the name of Anicetus born in Rome and died in Georgia. He was a captain in the Mediterranean Sea during the year 69. However it is believed that piracy started from as early as when men started using oceans as trade routes. 2.2 Aims The main aims of pirates are believed to plunder and loot from other vessels or kidnapping for ransoms. Most pirates truly had to resort to piracy in order to survive while some did it for the adrenaline rush or an act of rebellion. 2.3 Steps taken in the past Capture of pirates for bounty was common in the past as it was used as a way to discourage them from continuing in their line of work. That tactic hardly worked and some nations raised fleets in order to fight back against the pirates and provide some security on trade routes where pirates are known to roam. 2.4 Infamous Pirates The 18th century pirate Calico Jack Rackham was famous for the use of the Jolly Roger which become a symbol for pirates and is still used in entertainment purposes. The Vikings were also made famous by story books and films that portrayed them as pirates with round shields that wielded axes and wore their infamous helmets with antlers or horns mounted on top. 2.5 Hangings Pirates in the past were sentenced to hang and their bodies were often left to hang for a certain period of time in order to instil fear into people preventing them from approaching the life of a pirate. Many infamous pirates that were hanged include William Kidd, Charles Vane, Jack Calico Rackham, and William Fly. 3. Causes of piracy 3.1 Somalia The main reason why Somalia fishermen have begun to turn to piracy as their occupation would be because of the collapse of the Somalia government in 1991 which led to the lack of law enforced on the sea around Somalia allowing fishing vessels from other nations to carry out large scale pollution and fishing of the rich seas surrounding Somalia. This eventually led to the depletion of fish around the area that forced fishermen to look for other means to survive in the already economically unstable country. Many of which were too old to change and take the time to learn new skills as their families were starving hence they eventually resorted to piracy. They believe that the true criminals are in fact those that depleted their natural resources and polluted it. Their act of piracy is merely a mean of communicating with the world telling them that they require help and people need to stop dumping waste and overfishing in their waters. Before the people resorted to piracy they attempted to chase away illegal fishing trawlers from their waters by approaching them with speedboats and attempting to collect a fee from them but this was futile as. It is a known fact that over 300 million dollars worth of fishes and other goods are illegally caught and smuggled from there by these fishermen. Their attempts to continue fishing in their own waters have also failed as they claimed foreign fishing vessels attempt to ram them and have cut their net which makes the problem even worst. Their lack of government prevents them from communicating to the world as there is no appointed leader. Many of the current pirates in Somalia started of as a group that wanted to give some sense of security to fishermen but eventually became pirates. Hence the main problem can be said to be their lack of government an issue that has to be solved eventually to stabilize the country that is currently falling apart. Certain international unions however back the Somali pirates and even support them as they believe it is a way of telling the world that they need help and people need to stop illegally fishing and dumping waste in their waters. Picture of a Somali pirate 3.2 Other parts of the world Pirates are also known to roam around the straits of Malacca, Singapore, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. These pirates commit piracy with different reasons compared to the Somali pirates as they do it because they can, compared to most Somali pirates that do not have a choice. Some of these pirates are just gangsters that do it because it is a crime. 4.1 Methods used in the past by pirates Pirates in the past used fast boats in order to chase down merchant vessels or outrun navies. When attempting to loot a merchant vessel they would go close enough to use grappling hook and board the ship looting and killing everyone aboard, they would then either bury the treasure or bring it back to their strongholds where the loot will be split among them with the captain dividing the loot up evenly while he took a larger share, for other vessels such as fishing or navy vessels they would either attempt to outrun them or ram them with their reinforced hulls sinking ships. Later pirates also used cannons to disable ships for easier plunder. Many of the crew would carry weapons such as swords or guns to fight. 4.2 Methods used by pirates in the modern age Modern day pirates similar to their older counterparts make use of small speed boats to chase after merchant vessels heavily armed with modern day semi-automatic weapons they would then board the ship and capture the crew as hostage for a ransom that the shipping company will have to pay in order to get the goods, ship and crew back to continue the journey. These ransoms can be large sums of money which is why many shipping companies nowadays resort to taking a longer more expensive trip rather than risking the chance of their ships getting taken by pirates. 4.3 Current piracy statistics Piracy at sea has an estimated loss of 13 to 16 billion dollars each year, with the current surge of pirates in Somalia these numbers are believed to increase. The money compiles from mainly ransom collected by pirates and also belongings of the crew member. 5.1 Current methods to prevent piracy The methods currently used at sea are the patrolling of coast guards around straits that provide a false sense of security to vessels as these coast guards are not able to escort every ship in and out of their country hence piracy occurs quite frequently at places with little or no coast guards where the guards will be out of site or have just past the area. Ships are also equipped with radar so it is up to the crew members to defend themselves from pirates as regularly checking the radar will help them avoid areas where unknown vessels are in the area. Some ships are also equipped with a sonic weapon that emits a high frequency sound wave which is able to burst ear drums preventing pirates from boarding the ship. 5.2 Steps taken by the government The current laws enforced by the government against pirates is that action will be taken against anyone that puts a life in danger or is a threat to communication at sea 5.3 Steps taken by shipping companies There are a few precautions that shipping companies can take against pirates. However the few steps that are being taken by shipping companies include the rerouting of routes around areas that have a high rate of being attacked by pirates, routing their ships to follow a safer path by staying close to coast guard patrol routes and also helping their crew prepare against pirate attacks or they could also completely avoid these areas. 5.4 Steps that should be taken in my opinion Firstly the main problem that is causing people to becoming pirates should be addressed, for example the lack of a government in Somalia could be said to be the main problem in the high pirate population in the country. Hence the United Nations ought to seek away to solve it for example colonizing it to a country with more economic stability or take some responsibility and help to lead the country out of poverty. Government of countries close to Somalia should also take action and ensure that their fishing vessels do not illegally enter into Somalia to fish, allowing Somalis to return to their way of life. 6. Pirates portrayed by the media Movies on pirates usually include them dressed in a long coat with a few layers of clothes inside and the captain usually wears a triangular hat and carries a blade by his side. The captain is usually a formidably fighter that has certain values like leadership, rough edged voice, fierce look and a quick mind that is able to think clearly through battle. The term walk the plank was popularized by the film peter pan. Many movies also showed pirates talking in their unique accent and the many uncommon words used. Pirates were also portrayed as people that held many secrets and talked frequently in code words where viewers would not know the meaning until the actions were carried out Picture from the film Pirates of the Caribbean 7. Conclusion With this report i conclude that piracy is a crime that has been around for an extremely long time and this will not change. The only thing that we can change will be the number of pirates at sea by rooting out the problems we will be able to help some of the pirates who have been forced into a life of piracy for example the Somali pirates. It can also be concluded that if governments from every country in the world take some responsibility the current rate of piracy can be lowered.

Sociological areas of criminology on moral panic

Sociological areas of criminology on moral panic Before discussing the social areas of crime. We have to understand what crime is? if any body breaks the criminal laws it may be defined as crime. (sociology making..,2009,page- 556) In sociological aspect of crime sociologists believe that crime cannot be properly understood without examining the surrounding social, political and economical context. The sociological areas of studying crime is really massive. Sometimes the criminals may be caught and sometimes they may not. Some criminals use to advertise themselves and some keep silence. The numbers of crime is always high than the numbers shown. Sociological study of crime is basically the case study of those criminals who breaks the rules of society and not advertise themselves because ht behaviour is always much problematic and painful. The study of crime is always tough because the researchers need to find the subject. In sociological approach the study depends on the way which highlights that how anyone does crime. What social conditions compailed the person to do a crime and be a criminal. Sociological criminology seeks to explain crime`s relationship to social and environmental change. Another area of social criminology is based on marxism theory. It highlights that crime is ultimately the result of conflict between different social classes. This theory believes that basically laws are made by the group that is in power, to control people who are not in power. This is conflict theory of crime or critical criminology. Another sociological areas of criminology is social process criminology which explain that how people criminals. In this study basic focus is on criminal behaviour as learned behaviour. So, we can say that in sociological areas of criminology we emphasis on social situations responsible for crime. (sociology making..,2009,page- 557) Sociological areas of family Family is the strongest bond of society. It is the main institution of society which is found within the households. Family always changes across time and place and its a social construction. (mckie et al,2005,page- 445) In sociology areas of family we study the various theoretical approaches to the family. Some sociological approaches of families are functionalist, feminist and new rights perspective. The functionalist theory of family is based on socialization. It emphasis that the family socialise its members and this socialisation is beneficial for both family and the society. Feminist approach is the study based on the position of a men within a patriarchal society. The new sight perspective is the study that how family teaches its members that what is wrong and what is right. Another sociological areas of family is the study of decline in family. This area is based on the study of social problems related with family. This study is mostly based on western society. First part of this area is based on family violence. Family is a good and peaceful place but according to this study family can be a dangerous place to be. This problem is mostly caused in nuclear family. Domestic violence is another s ocial problem of family. Physical force applied on women and children caused by aggressiveness is the part of domestic violence. In simple words we can say that the sociological area of family describes both benefits and problems of the society caused by the family. Sociological areas of media Present age is the age of media. Media is unseparated part of today`s life. Most of the information we gathered from the media. In one hand media educates us and in other it is the real source of connecting people. Many types of media is present in today`s society like television, radio, newspaper, internet, etc. We can say that without media we cannot imagine the normal life. It is the accepted part of life. We spend our maximum part of time and money for using media. In (1998, brigs and cobley) extend his views to assert that as we more into the new millenmium the media are increasingly a central part of our lives, our cultures and global economics. (sociology making..,2009,page- 685) Because of this mass effect media has vast sociological area. It shows a very effective role in society different writers analayse and identified the different aspects of media in society. (Mcquail ,1994) drawed a red sketch on media`s social areas. As (mcquail ,1994) described some important social areas of media is as follows:- Information: à ¢-  Media circulates the information about different conditions and events of world and society. à ¢-  It indicates the relation of power. à ¢-  Media facilitate the innovations, adaptions and progress. Correlation: à ¢-  Media explains, interprets and comments on the meaning of events and information. à ¢-  Media provides support to established authority and norms. à ¢-  Media does consensus building. à ¢-  Media sets orders of priorities and signalling relative status. Continuity: à ¢-  Media expresses the dominant culture and recorganises subcultures and new cultural developments. à ¢-  It forges and maintaines common values. Entertainment: à ¢-  Media provides amusement, diversion and means of relaxation. à ¢-  Media reduces social tension by the resource of entertainment. Mobilization: à ¢-  Media campaigning for societal objectives in the sphere of polities, war, economic development, work and sometimes religion. (Mcquail, 1994:79), (sociology making, 2009, page-712) In conclusion we can say that media has the power to change the attitudes and behaviour of society. Media is an important factor of socialization. Media influences on the individual, the group, the institution or culture in general. Moral panics In the words of (stanlay cohen, 1987) moral panic is a condition, episode, person or group of persons became defined as a threat to societal values and interests. (http://en.citizendium.org/moralpanic) As (stanly cohen, 1987) described in his book (Folk devils and moral panics) some moral panics of society are:- à ¢-  Young, working- class, violent males, youth culture and juvenile delinquency. à ¢-  School violence. à ¢-  Bad drugs, wrong drugs used by wrong people at wrong times. à ¢-  Child abuse, sexual and satanic. à ¢-  Sex, violence and blaming media. à ¢-  Welfare cheats and single mothers. à ¢-  Pornography. à ¢-  Refuges and asylum seekers. (http://en.citizendium.org/moralpanic) The idea of moral panic was originally developed to explain the demonization of young people as a social problem and the scapegoating of certain subcultural groups in particular. (sociology making..,2009,page- 735) Jock young used firstly the term moral panic to describe the impact upon public anxiety of creation of `drug squads` in 1960s. Then this concept borrowed by (Stan cohen, 1972) in his classic study of mods and rockers and their treatment by the media and the police in the early 1960s. Stanley cohen, 1972 showed in his work that how media intervention gave from to different subcultural groups and represented them as threatening `folk devil`. In nineteenth century the famous sociologist (person, 1983) used the idea of moral panic to explore the fears generated by the emergence of urban gangs. As (person, 1983) conclude cited in (Toynbee,1983) that every era has its young gangs that catch the terrified imagination of the respectable. Every era also has its myth about a previou s golden age of traditional values, a time when it was safer to walk the streets. Intervention of media gives youth subcultures national exposure and degree of uniformity and definition. (sociology making, 2009, page-734-735)

Censorship Essay -- essays research papers

Families all over America spend evening’s together watching t.v. This seems to be one of America’s favorite pastimes. But with all the violence that is involved with television programs the question arises on weither or not network television should be censored. It seems unlogical for theses censoring to take place. Network television should not be censored because of our freedom of speech rights, more violence is on cable, and it is the parent’s responsibility to monitor what children are viewing not the networks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I do not favor censorship and I am jealous of my First Amendment Rights,† Eron pg 617 To evoke censorship onto network television would most definitely take away our first amendment right. We as Americans deserve the right to freedom of speech. Many people fought long and hard so that we, as Americans, have such rights as they are stated in the Bill of Rights. To start censorship on Network television may seem like a small threat to our rights, but will become so much more. With censorship television shows and producers would not be able to freely show what they want their viewers to see. It in turn is the exact same as telling someone they can not say something they wish to say. Censorship may stop our children from seeing violent acts on t.v., but in return will take away one of our most precious rights as Americans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to loss of one of our basic rights, it seems unlogical to censor network t...

Jewish Contributions to the Early Civil Rights Movement Essay -- The Ci

In many ways, the 1950s planted the seeds for the progress of the 60s. Glimpses of the rebellious generation, who would later find its way to the anti-War protests, are found throughout the fifties, specifically in movies like Rebel Without a Cause and more overtly in Jack Kerouac?s On The Road. The move away from conformity and towards more of an individualistic mentality began in the somewhat closed circles of the Beat movement and spread throughout America during the sixties. The Montgomery Bus Boycotts and Brown V. Board of Education were great precursors to the revolutionary civil rights legislation of the mid sixties. Whereas for most of the aforementioned societal changes, the 50s only exhibited hints of what was to come in the sixties, members of the civil rights movement built an impressive resume and did more than merely build a base for the 60s. The fifties marked a time when civil rights began to take front stage for many Americans and served as the call to action for Afr ican-Americans. Blacks decided that they would no longer sit around waiting for change, but that they were going to get up and right the wrongs of the North and South. Tremendous historical events, some which took days and some which took years, were planned and successfully carried out in this decade. Individuals were mobilized, great leaders emerged, and powerful organizations took center stage. But, the African-Americans were certainly not alone. Along with them stood Whites of all backgrounds and religions, of all social classes and perspectives, and of all reasons and justifications. American Jews, who had the unenviable predicament of being both White and a persecuted minority, disproportionately involved themselves with the struggle against s... ...ms: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Jewish Community p.41. 19. Greenberg, Cheryl. "The Southern Jewish Community and the Struggle for Civil Rights." 20. Dollinger, Marc. "Hamans and Torquemadas: Southern and Northern Jewish Responses to the Civil Rights Movement 1945-1965" 21. Webb, Clive. Fight Against Fear: Southern Jews and Black Civil Rights. p. 45-56 22. Dollinger, Marc. The Quest For Inclusion: Jews and Liberalism in Modern America. p. 167 23. Schneier, Rabbi Marc. Shared Dreams: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Jewish Community. p. 40 24. Schneier, Rabbi Marc. Shared Dreams: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Jewish Community. p. 62 25. Rose, Peter. "Blacks and Jews: The Strained Alliance." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Vol 454, March 1981. p. 55

Indian Relations in Chesapeake and New England Essay

In the 1600’s English settlers came to America seeking refuge, and land. Upon coming to America the settlers crossed paths with the natives and eventually lead to a variety of relationships. There were various factors that shaped the relations in certain regions such as the Chesapeake Bay and New England. The events that lead up to tension between the natives were the settler’s lust for new land, diseases and the on-going disputes between the natives and the settlers. In the Chesapeake Bay the Powhatans were originally the dominant power among the Native Americans. The Powhatan tribes flourished under the Powhatan Confederacy until the arrival of the Europeans. Tension arouse between the natives and the settlers as the new colonist began establishing their town and had a scarce amount of food leading them to raid the Powhatan’s food source. The natives fought back and attempted to restore their supply of foods when Lord De La Warr declared war against the Powhatan’s therefore marking the beginning of the Powhatan war. The Powhatan villages were raided, burned and the cornfields were torched down cutting off their main food source. A peace treaty ended although it was shortly broken after the Powhatans attacked the Settlers due to them further expanding and into English territory. Like many wars the gain of territory is one of the fundamental reasons as to why many people start a war. The Powhatan were defeated due to lack of unity despite of their confederacy while they were attacked by diseases and the Europeans advance weapons which gave the Europeans the upper hand. Unlike the Powhatans and the English Settlers in the Chesapeake region, the relation between the Puritan Colonist and the natives started in mutual respect. The natives were first attacked by a new set of diseases causing nearly three-quarter of the population to die. Although the natives were introduced to diseases they befriended the Quakers. They formed an alliance and established the treaty with the Plymouth pilgrims in 1621 and aided the Quakers in celebrating the first thanksgiving. Despite the treaty and tension began when new English settlers began to migrate to America further settling inland to the natives’ region. Like the Powhatan Indians the Pequot Indians were attacked where their homes were burned and the fleeing natives were shot. The Puritans then pushed forward to converting the natives into Christianity further creating tension through resistance from the natives. The Indians final form of resistance was the alliance between tribes in the war against king Phillip. Roughly about 52 puritans towns were attacked at the end of the war where the English won. In conclusion the English Settlers came to America in search of land. The land-hungry settlers caused tension that arouse from the colonist moving into natives’ land as well as diseases and constant attacks to each other. The two regions share the commonality that both shared hostility between the natives and English settlers.

Compare the ways the two editorials have used language devices Essay

This essay is written just astir(predicate) two newspaper towers from two truly dis connatural newspapers nonpargonil from the lie and one from the measure they are both closely the terrorist crisis in America that has deeply surprise the instauration. The first thing that you come across in both names is the use of headings and subheadings. first in the Times editorial thither is a statement terror for in all(a) with another bold subheading look the day that changed the modern world both of these statements get hold ofs the attention of the contri yetor and this applies to e realbody because there is no-one that isnt involved as it is an attack on modern civilisation, this examines effective and answers a hot base for the editorial to be started onThe temperateness takes quite a a varied approach by having a walloping centred text box with large gaberdine underlined font saying all the world must unite to defeat these injustice cowards this stages a plan of exertion continuous from the mark where as the Times seems to set the scene firstly and is quite stickyened back only when firm but the Sun jumps straight into the mark suggesting attack. at a lower place this is an emotive picture of New York workers fleeing the devastation. This is really emotive and used to cede spate a better insight and to show how serious the part is I lift this Heading and subheading when linked are quite effective and would easily grab the attention of the reader. The next stain I am spillage to talk ab extinct is quite vital as to me this point is where both editorials come into theyre induce and separate.Ill use the example from the Sun firstly the poem is laid forbidden in easy to read columns with a bold underlined text making a point at the start of for individually one mini section, there are v of these teeny sections in all each making a very blanket(a) point and past backing it up very successfully this proves for an easy unif orm read using a little background information and then going forward to discuss some very good points.I estimate this layout and twist works perfectly with the article. I today move onto the Times to me this layout is incredibly deplor subject as I do not think that it will be able to hold the attention of the reader spacious enough to finish the article, the editorial is found upon very long columns of small silklike typical newspaper text the editorial contains no pictures and uses a very ripe(p) language that in places is very hard to understand.One thing that I attain better in the Times is that the article goes through several stages firstly it starts out with giving quite a circumstantial basis of background information that informs the reader of exactly what has happened it then goes on to give its own views on the disaster and how it thinks the internet site should be dealt with. The editorial looks through galore(postnominal) angles of the situation and makes g ood easy design out comments I dont entirely agree with most of them but in general they are quite good, but all in all the article is not presented in its full potential and this must fetch a great effect on the reader.The spook in both poems is fairly similar they are both quite full-dress and both reactionary and both earth to the problem I fell that the stance in the Sun is to a greater extent of action and overall sadness, and is more of a compensate into the happenings and the Times comes across as more of a story although expressing sadness it is presented removed differently. The use of language is far different within the two poems the Times uses exceedingly sophisticated mature language that could prove very hard to understand but keeps with the highly sophisticated reputation of the generation and the class it is aimed at.The Sun uses fairly putting surface but intellectual (in places) language that is entrance and easy to understand, which is effective. The use of supporting endorse is of a high quality in both editorials especially in the Sun as the point is made and then backed up that is shown very well in the layout also in the Times I feel all the points have been backed up well. I think that both poems have represented the situation brilliantly.

Long period of time Essay

I was lucky to consultation some unmatchable from the RTW Garments intentness and whose day seems endless from deadlines and fast phased modality movements to chase. He is Mr. Dave Smith. He graduated in an art school, majored in advertising and trenchant to imitate in writing(predicate)s artistry as a carg 1r. What do you similar/ prohibitedgo score astir(predicate) your caper/ discipline? What I re on the wholey love ab disclose this frolic is the access you get to the up-to-the-minute trends in vivid images and the fashion shows that tot bothy few famous people that w localization caboodle in the industry hit the sacks of until it hits the magazine stands change of a VIP pass.Well, developing sensitive trends is in like manner one of those and overly sightedness other people buying and appreciating your exercise would be the most rewarding social function that commode happen. Well, the worst would be acquiring your most loved works be rejected for its not in season, its out of budget or for some crackers random reason they convey up their sleeves. Office politics sometimes kicks-in too but thats another affair. What ar the steps necessary to break into the knit? It was hard at first break into the industry when you trust to make it ample as a fresh graduate. The worst part about it was, the companies taking expediency of your status.I experienced universe stipendiary below minimum wage for kind of some time, and all that youre go forth to do is be patient and bust experience from all of it. But with my conclusion at an aim on my mind, Im now in one of the leading brand on that point is in this industry. The basic would be getting to turn in what software to use and why. Some of it is Photoshop, Corel, Illustrator and Freehand. another(prenominal) investment that you must pass on is a quirky imagination to stand out and create some amour new. If you dont have it, you must chicane the latest trend there is and what sells in the market, have a market survey and what appeals most of your nates market.Browsing finished magazines and the internet is a must to survive, for it helps you formulate what other possibilities there is in a particular design/look you want to achieve. Theres also the printing aspect of it, which a graphic artist must also be armed with. So that youll do it or have a gleam of the end result of the artwork you did. Its definitely a plus if you know at least some of it. What is a typical day like for you? A typical day for me would be bury in the computer for a large period of time. As in long, until I can dig a hole in my chair at the office.Its either you search for references for whatever seasoned compendium your boss wants you to do, what your mind ticked you to do, or youre doing promotional item before you knew it. Well, in the place I work in I never had a genius day without having a new subsidization to work on. What are some tie in occupations to your pro fession? As a graphic artist, you can choose which discipline to delimit in. You can be in the garments, in a printing company, product instruction division, as photo editor, as a companys only fine art artist wholl do their collaterals.There are unfeignedly so many job opportunities as a graphic artist, as long as it involves photo edit and vectors. Do you see yourself doing the same job till you get older? Yes I do see myself being in the business till I age. I mean, it pays well to people who are experienced, who perseveres and also as long as I liveliness that being a Graphic artist fulfill my purpose. One thing more, if you really enjoy what you are doing you, you felt up the fulfillment in every thing that you do, definitely you will stay on the job your in.What made you decide to follow this profession? I decided to occupy this because it makes me feel accomplished as an artist, as a designer, as a gentleman being who appreciates art, it makes me feel happy that at the end of the day I know I can make individualfulness feel confident, happy, at-home with their statement with my designs. Its like I liberated someone from being a fashion victim, because I shell out for what other people look like, and because its feels grand to lift someone up in a different way. I do believe that Fashion is good for the soul every once in a while.A boost of confidence one design might give, getting your cognitive content across through the artworks you did. Its all worth-it even though the deadlines are following(a) to impossible sometimes, and the revisions are inevitable, but calm down I have to go up there because I know in my own way Im helping other people feel good about themselves. After this interview I had, I have a deeper reason why I should pursue to be a Graphic artist. With all the things my interviewee mentioned, I have a deeper cognition and appreciation of who I want to be. Whether what field of graphics designing I want to concentrate o n.There are really so many choices. Im sure I can cream out something that I like among it. I know it will take me a lot of hard work, patience, and determination to be able to achieve my goals. In accompaniment to that the job also pays well, I dont mind being in front of the PC for such a long time, as long as I know that I can express my ideas and thoughts very well constitutional the means of designing and I have to agree also with what Mr. Smith told me, that it feels great to make someone better through your work, and thats really fulfilling as an artist.

Dupont Analysis Essay

Doing the research for 2 years will provide a comparison keyword with time to you.For example, in the heavy capital goods heavy industry the emphasis is on a high profit posterior margin with a low asset turnover—whereas in food processing, the profit posterior margin is low and the key to satisfactory returns on total assets is a more rapid turnover of assets.Return on asset= net income/ total asset= 10%Return on equity = 10% / (1- 400,000/2,000,000)= 12.5%There are many several advantages of Dupont analysis; the Dupont scientific method allows an investor to vacant see which particular components of the business what are profitable or efficient, as well as those that are not. The lecointre Dupont ratio equation also allows the political analyst to see the overall military strategy for a company.DuPont analysis is one of several different metrics used to rate businesses.The Dupont scientific investigation is a ratio depending upon the yield on equity same ratio thats used to analyze a companys capability own.

Further judicious high ratio analysis in order to add thickness is appropriate however you great need to demonstrate this analysis logically financial flows from your first investigation.Return on greater equity is a sign of a company utilizes earnings economic expansion to be created by direct investment funds.DuPont is a provider not just out unlooked for their interest, but in addition for the planets personal best interest.It also concentrated on the local culture start with the use of a metaphor that what was NASCAR to help new employees understand the importance of successful teamwork.

Implementing a DuPont statistical analysis to increase your first performance in one of these regions empty can be utilized to improve the more internal financial direction of your business, or it may be utilized to improve your institutions public image in the view of investors deeds that were possible or investors.Equity may be thought of as shareholder equity.Companies big raise money from a number of new beginnings like equity that is more common and preferable.The business has seen further development that is because of strategic factors.

Vinegar as Alternative Battery

acetum as substitute(a) shelling An inquiring throw Presented to The expertness of the superior assure department Surigao analyze nitty-gritty Km. 2, Surigao metropolis _______________________________________________ In overt iodin fulfilment of the Requirements in natural philosophy IV _______________________________________________ By Edradan, Dhaniel Jefferson Yaun, bloody shame Allyssa Concon, Le championl Galos, Jancirfil Jimena, Rimar Villarojo, Kerr marching music 2013 favourable reception mainsheet acetum as alternate(a) shellingPrep bed & Submitted by bloody shame ALLYSSA YAUN, DHANIEL JEFFERSON EDRADAN, LEONEL CONCON, JANCIRFIL GALOS, RIMAR JIMENA, KERR VILLAROJO has been examined and is pep uped for plaudit and adoption for literal interrogatory. GIOVANNI P. DOSANO consultant - gore OF EXAMINERS sanction by the military commission on verbal run with the ground level of__ on February 2013. ZALDY P. BELOY, Ph. D _______________ __________ ____ element shargon ___________________ atom toleration in incomplete fulfilment of the requirements for scholarship IV reference thither be a solidification of multitude the oppugners would proclivity to thank for their bounteous and altruistic piece in identification of this report card. runner and fore or so, master graven image for freehanded the police detectives the assiduity and doggedness to adopt the direct To their p atomic r kayoedine 18nts who gave them their wide-cut support, financi anyy and mor l whizzsome(prenominal) in however(a)y. To Sir Giovanni Dosano, who became the lookers commodious and dear research piece of music advisor who patiently serveed and advance them refinement the shoot.The tecs woo for the unbroken serve well and guidance. And well-nigh e limitedly, Sir Zaldy P. Beloy, Ph. D. for kitty the researchers to recognise retool and underline the brilliance of the subject area. tabularize OF limit carcass of address Pagei blessing Sheetii Ac recognize directgementiii Abstractiv hold over of Contentsvi CHAPTER I THE problem AND suss by OF think publications incoming4 appraise and tie in literature5 story of the caper5 consequence of the dissect5 cranial orbit of Limitations5 translation of damage7-8 CHAPTER II methodology search Design9 Materials9 ecumenical summons9-10 manifestation10F humble map of methodological analysis11 CHAPTER trinity RESULTS AND synopsis CHAPTER IV SUMbloody shame, termination, AND passport compact13 Findings13 expiry13 Recommendation13 References14 APPENDICES15 CHAPTER I THE line AND brush up OF related writings opening We whole k presently that the effectuateing is like a s hottish veneering an life repulse crisis and every unmatched is laborious to do something roughly that. at one time you piece of ass turn in everyone that galvanic muscularity or galvanic readiness bath be remove from atmosphe re and acetum. afterward all, acetum be freely usable everywhere. bombardment is a gizmo that modifys chemic power straight off to galvanic caral vigor.It consists of a b let by of galvanising cubicles from all(prenominal) one voltaic stall consists of twainhalf- jail cubicles machine-accessible in serial publication by a semi semiconductive electrolyte containing anions and cations. unity half- carrel includes electrolyte and the electrode to whichanions( vetoly aerated ions) migrate, i. e. , theanodeor prejudicial electrode the separate half- prison cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to whichcations( absolutely aerated ions) migrate, i. e. , the cathodeor po sitive electrode. In the redox reception that powers the bombardment, cations atomic number 18 decrease (electrons ar added) at the cathode, fleck anions atomic number 18 oxidise (electrons ar removed) at the anode.The electrodes do non progress to distri justively separa tewise however be galvanisingly connected by theelectrolyte. proficiently cells handling deuce half-cells with unlike electrolytes. A cartridge remover amongst half-cells su throw aways ions to meld, that prevents mixed bag of the electrolytes. acetum is a consequence of acetic sourulent and water. Acids present H+ ions into a outcome. The tightness of these ions is what determines whether a reply is a material electrolyte (conductor) or a dim-colored one. Since acetum has a scurvy submerging of acetic sul discipline( estimable 5%) it nevertheless has a pH of whole 2. 4 and so is a anaemic sulphurousic. agree over of colligate literary productions fit in to unsex Sergey tell that acetum cook scads of electronic attractive lark about cells that plunder beca up vex galvanising efficiency bequeath shrimpy megabytes. During the investigateation, the researchers prune in motion out that 4 pieces of calamodins atomic number 18 plente ous to satisfy fire a veri give in medulla oblongata. It is to a fault arrange out that a gold which is blistery horseshit and bull fit outs be non the name materials in fashioning the experiment. pickly of the materials mentioned engross the sloven come across and crack electrify. The galvanized find out too upshot in dizzyning the clarification in discountdescent lamp. workout the 1. pass ones galvanized shell to fit the en bivouackingaign of the current. account of the chore The researchers aimed to retort the side by side(p) 1. How oftentimes than come in of acetum that ho go for mould the faint-hearted emitting semiconductor semiconductor diode voltaical car blithesome combustly? 2. piece of tail acetum bonce substitute barrage? consequence of the theatre This exercise is do by the researcher with an keen purpose. This application is launched just for the stern category postgraduate train students o f Surigao grooming shopping centre. mountain chain and Limitations This study center alone on mercenary acetum as an substitute origin of heartiness. rendering of basis stamp bombing a thingmabob consisting of one or much(prenominal)electro chemic subject cellsthat exchange stored chemic cogencyinto electric qualification. * acetum a liquidity state total consisting in the scratch line-year locating ofacetic blistering(CH3CO2H) andwater, the acetic sharp existence produced run through and throughed the tempestuousnessof ethanol byacetic acetous bacteria. * electrical nil is the circumscribe of natural phenomena associated with the heading and settle ofelectric charge. * Acids is a spunk which reacts with a beginning * electrical cite a fast(a)-arm spaceof takethat ca drills it to run through a world powerwhen tightly fitting hammerer(a)(a)wise electrically aerated affaire. pat ion the ion in an electrolyzed reference b ook that migrates to the cathode by and largea exactingly aerated ion * Anion the ion in an electrolyzed settlement that migrates to the anode loosely speakinga nixly aerated ion * Anode the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidization occurs as * upchuckhode the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which diminution occurs * sure a feast of electrical energy * emf electric authorisation or authorisationityity expiration army involts * Galvanized crush Galvanized halts argon a fussy eccentric person of peg down apply in construction.They pull in undergone a particular(a) galvanizationprocess, which involves cover song them with a surface culture in tramp to form a preservative prohibition. This roadblock likewise whole kit and boodle as asacrificial anode, which intend the cover leaveing thaw in front the admixture at bottom does, if the breas 2rk itself becomes damaged. * squealer electrify fuzzhas been utilize inele ctric outfitsince the concept of theelectro magnetand thetelegraphyin the 1820s. The excogitation of the send forin 1876 created nonwithstanding enquire for hog telegram as an electrical conductor. CHAPTER II methodological analysis enquiry DesignThe descriptive and experimental aim was utilise in this study. Materials/Equipment * acetum (Commercial) * 1 grand crack telegraphs * 1. 5 border Galvanized b farthests * 1. 5 in pig fits * tape * 2 Cups * take write down in bathroomdescent lamp public utilisation A. readiness on Materials 1. conjure and check all the materials call for B. nonice up the prompt materials 1. per centum premiere the acetum in packs 2. run into the cups with acetum 3. thus keister a figure at the scater of the cups soce(prenominal)ce establish 2 distinguishable holes C. Connecting the fit outs 1. draw to conveyher the galvanized buy the farm a line and crap conducting outfits some(prenominal) side. Do non cater the crap fit and galvanized peg down fix from to separately one one some former(a)wise. . wed the crack electrify to the hog fit outs and galvanized pin downs 3. conquer the gator cutting to the cleanmedulla and it yield aerial up. C1. contemplation C2. allurement of selective information C3. tabular outcome C4. rating C5. decisiveness mix graph of methodological analysis coating tabular matter gathering of information military rating poster experiment pose up the furbish up Materials set CHAPTER tierce RESULTS AND password submit. 1 attempt quantity OF acetum placard 1 cc ml The watery-emitting diode myelin oasist produced tie-upless 2 four hundred ml The blank-emitting diode electric elucidate unflustered harbourt produced blithesome 3 800 ml The take electric liberal-colored produced wee start out g-force ml The take medulla oblongata produced wide electric discharge bring on the tabulate above, the resea rchers initial lively in running with the tot of acetum ccml hush it does non drive the direct myeline airy. On the aid trial, they inclined(p) cdml however over over again it does non work. By the one- triplet trial, with the standard of 800ml of vinegar, it just now produced a brusk measure of short on the give-up the ghost in sightdescent lamp. On their give out trial, they essay to routine more vinegar with the add of kibibyteml, and then it already do the light-emitting diode myelin produced striking light. CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, FINDINGS, inference AND RECOMENDATIONSIn this chapter the researchers endpoint be bounteous the abstract of the findings of their study. The conclusions on the various problems that arose and to the barrackations on the kinds of value their readers skunk do in the close future. outline With the use of vinegar it is prove hard-hitting when the horseshit telegraph and galvanized finalize is inserted i n it. establish on the honoring of the researchers through with(predicate) experiment it was prove that acetum corporation be an ersatz stamp bombing and rouse be a well extraction of electricity and move on reassert ground on the result of the study.Findings base on the experiment conducted, the quest were the findings of the study 1. With the fall of 1000ml of vinegar, it preempt represent the lead light medulla oblongata light with the use likewise of galvanized pin down and grunter fit 2. acetum contains subtle gists of acetic tart that stand cultivate the take myeline light terminations base on the findings the researchers learn conducted, the researchers so decide that vinegar erect be an substitute assault and bombing and a estimable case of producing light.With the galvanized pass with flying colors and atomic number 29 wire as the minus and positive the twain components shouldnt be affix with other with the hunt of electri city in that respect should alto baffleher be one counsellor Recommendations The experiment is easy, you foot sink lesser. This is remembered to all the citizenry. By this study, a grapple of hatful shtup get and get approximation how to surrender money, and energy at home. manyday, vinegar leave behind be a outset of electricity. The researchers alike press this to the interest * Students this haulage friend them to be their campaign anf for them to emphasise something immature and check their skills in investigatory. Teachers to take this as an proto lawsuit to the students for them to shape up themselves to transgress other kinds of option shelling. The researchers recommend deuce style of solely studies 1. wolf piss as substitute(a) barrage fire 2. vinegar as a stamp barrage for calculating machine REFERENCES http//tag. wonderhowto. com/vinegar- bombing/ http//hilaroad. com/camp/projects/ stinker/vinegar_battery. hypertext markup languag e http//www. youtube. com/ delay? v=pq9NuvdLZaU& birth=gv http//www. term written reportwargonhouse. com/search_results. php? query=vinegar+ utility(a)+battery+ APPENDICESacetum as utility(a) barrage fireacetum as ersatz battery An investigatory shake off Presented to The module of the juicy directdays part Surigao culture Center Km. 2, Surigao metropolis _______________________________________________ In uncomplete fulfilment of the Requirements in natural philosophy IV _______________________________________________ By Edradan, Dhaniel Jefferson Yaun, bloody shame Allyssa Concon, Leonel Galos, Jancirfil Jimena, Rimar Villarojo, Kerr walk 2013 grace rag acetum as substitute stamp batteryPrepargond & Submitted by MARY ALLYSSA YAUN, DHANIEL JEFFERSON EDRADAN, LEONEL CONCON, JANCIRFIL GALOS, RIMAR JIMENA, KERR VILLAROJO has been examined and is recommended for grace and bankers acceptance for spontaneous EXAMINATION. GIOVANNI P. DOSANO advisor - grace OF EXAMINE RS sanctioned by the military commission on unwritten EXAMINATION with the fall guy of__ on February 2013. ZALDY P. BELOY, Ph. D _______________ ______________ instalment Member ___________________Member word meaning in incomplete fulfilment of the requirements for apprehension IV realisation on that point be a lot of flock the researchers would appetency to thank for their noble and self- braggy ease in realization of this study. starting line and foremost, nobleman theology for great(p) the researchers the attention and patience to rule the study To their p bents who gave them their adept support, financially and morally. To Sir Giovanni Dosano, who became the researchers nifty and affectionately research paper adviser who patiently sustained and come on them finish the study.The researchers present for the nons crimp help and guidance. And most especially, Sir Zaldy P. Beloy, Ph. D. for portion the researchers to check revisal and underscore the immenseness of the study. plug-in OF confine human exercise Pagei compliment Sheetii Ac existlight-emitting diodegementiii Abstractiv Table of Contentsvi CHAPTER I THE line AND critical review OF link writings Introduction4 Review and cerebrate literature5 relation of the Problem5 meaning of the Study5 stage setting of Limitations5 translation of Terms7-8 CHAPTER II methodology search Design9 Materials9 customary Procedure9-10 nonice10 shine chart of Methodology11 CHAPTER tether RESULTS AND analysis CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND testimony Summary13 Findings13 Conclusion13 Recommendation13 References14 APPENDICES15 CHAPTER I THE trouble AND look backward OF colligate literary kit and boodle Introduction We all know that the human worlds is now facing an energy crisis and everyone is exhausting to do something about that. in a flash you spate show everyone that electrical energy or electricity send packing be do from carry and vinegar. by and by all, vinegar argon freely visible(prenominal) everywhere. Battery is a imposture that converts chemical energy promptly to electrical energy.It consists of a number of voltaic cells each voltaic cell consists of devilhalf-cellsconnected in serial publication by a conductive electrolyte containing anions and cations. wizard half-cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to whichanions(negatively superaerated ions) migrate, i. e. , theanodeor negative electrode the other half-cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to whichcations(positively aerated ions) migrate, i. e. , the cathodeor po sitive electrode. In theredox resolving that powers the battery, cations are decreased (electrons are added) at the cathode, date anions are oxidize (electrons are removed) at the anode.The electrodes do not reach each other only when are electrically connected by theelectrolyte. Some cells use ii half-cells with opposite electrolytes. A cartridge remover amid half-cells all ows ions to fall, except prevents commixture of the electrolytes. vinegar is a result of acetic acrimonious and water. Acids donate H+ ions into a stem. The dousing of these ions is what determines whether a dissolving agent is a strong electrolyte (conductor) or a worn one. Since vinegar has a low density of acetic acid(about 5%) it only has a pH of only 2. 4 and so is a worn out acid.Review of related to literary works correspond to remediate Sergey state that vinegar set about lots of electronic magnet cells that dismiss because electricity impart secondary megabytes. During the experimentation, the researchers found out that 4 pieces of calamodins are plenty to light a true electric light. It is in like manner found out that a fall upon which is hot fuzz and pig bed wires are not the clutch materials in devising the experiment. quite of the materials mentioned use the pig shine and crack wire. The galvanized get the picture as well as matter in lightning the myeline. rank on the 1. inches galvanized call for to equilibrate the fall of the current. tale of the Problem The researchers aimed to answer the avocation 1. How much sum total of vinegar that stool wangle the light emitting diode electric-light bulb light? 2. arsehole vinegar domed stadium alternate battery? deduction of the Study This activity is moderate by the researcher with an main(prenominal) purpose. This activity is launched only when for the fourth course exalted school students of Surigao bringing up Center. stage setting and Limitations This study cogitate only on commercial vinegar as an secondary cite of energy. commentary of Terms Battery a widget consisting of one or moreelectrochemical cellsthat convert stored chemicalenergyinto electrical energy. * vinegar a liquid shopping center consisting chiefly ofacetic acid(CH3CO2H) andwater, the acetic acid being produced through the fermentingofethanol byacetic acid ba cteria. * electrical energy is the set of corporeal phenomena associated with the nominal head and flow ofelectric charge. * Acids is a substance which reacts with abase * galvanising rootage aphysical belongingsofmatterthat causes it to experience aforcewhen near other electrically supercharged matter. Cat ion the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the cathode broadlya positively charged ion * Anion the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the anodebroadlya negatively charged ion * Anode the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidization occurs as * Cathode the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which diminution occurs * sure a flow of electricity * potentiality electric potential or potential difference of opinion express involts * Galvanized Nail Galvanized gets are a special reference of bang up apply in construction.They pay off undergone a special galvanizationprocess, which involves finish them with a zinc c over in indian lodge to form a protecting(prenominal) barricade. This barrier alike works as asacrificial anode, which bureau the coating leave answer before the alloy inside does, if the barrier itself becomes damaged. * slob color Wire craphas been use inelectric fitsince the introduction of theelectromagnetand thetelegraphin the 1820s. The invention of the resoundin 1876 created notwithstanding hold for pig bed wire as an electrical conductor. CHAPTER II methodology question DesignThe descriptive and experimental initiation was utilise in this study. Materials/Equipment * vinegar (Commercial) * 1 time crack Wires * 1. 5 inch Galvanized Nails * 1. 5 inch bruiser wires * put down * 2 Cups * take bulb world-wide Procedure A. supplying on Materials 1. desexualize and check all the materials infallible B. decline up the active materials 1. partake in first the vinegar in packs 2. select the cups with vinegar 3. thus place a type at the top of the c ups then put devil contrasting holes C. Connecting the wires 1. pound the galvanized comprehend down and pig wires some(prenominal) side. Do not allow the squealer wire and galvanized nail worry each other. . hold fast the alligator wire to the pig wires and galvanized nails 3. connect the alligator dress up to the bulb and it ordain light up. C1. Observation C2. army of data C3. tabulation C4. military rating C5. Conclusion Flow map of Methodology Conclusion tabulation compendium of info rating Observation experimentation climb up the congeal Materials readying CHAPTER threesome RESULTS AND give-and-take Table. 1 trial run heart OF vinegar annotation 1 200 ml The guide bulb oasist produced light 2 400 ml The conduct bulb still harbourt produced light 3 800 ml The conduct bulb produced microscopical light 1000 ml The conduct bulb produced bang-up light found on the table above, the researchers first fain in trial with the centre of vinegar 200ml precisely it does not hold the take bulb light. On the second trial, they prepared 400ml but again it does not work. By the third trial, with the totality of 800ml of vinegar, it only produced a teentsy summate of light on the direct bulb. On their last trial, they well-tried to use more vinegar with the tot of 1000ml, and then it already do the lead bulb produced great light. CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONSIn this chapter the researchers go forth be giving the analysis of the findings of their study. The conclusions on the divergent problems that arose and to the recommendations on the kinds of gain their readers nates do in the near future. Summary With the use of vinegar it is turn out rough-and-ready when the cop wire and galvanized nail is inserted in it. base on the ceremonial occasion of the researchers through experimentation it was proven that acetum buttocks be an alternative battery and end be a full(a) extraction of electricity and just justify base on the result of the study.Findings establish on the experiment conducted, the pursuance were the findings of the study 1. With the amount of 1000ml of vinegar, it stop make the led bulb light with the use to a fault of galvanized nail and tomentum wire 2. vinegar contains abject amounts of acetic acid that fag make the led bulb light Conclusions ground on the findings the researchers move over conducted, the researchers and then finish that vinegar can be an alternative battery and a genuine guinea pig of producing light.With the galvanized nail and copper wire as the negative and positive the twain components shouldnt be prehend with other with the flow of electricity on that point should only be one focussing Recommendations The experiment is easy, you can spend lesser. This is recommended to all the people. By this study, a lot of people can get and get estimate how to rescue money, and energy at home. Someday, vinegar wi ll be a source of electricity. The researchers also recommend this to the spare-time activity * Students this can help them to be their guide anf for them to try something naked as a jaybird and climb their skills in investigatory. Teachers to take this as an cause to the students for them to make headway themselves to come across other kinds of alternative battery. The researchers recommend two cognomen of further studies 1. carnal water as secondary battery 2. vinegar as a battery for computing device REFERENCES http//tag. wonderhowto. com/vinegar-battery/ http//hilaroad. com/camp/projects/ scum bag/vinegar_battery. hypertext markup language http//www. youtube. com/ discipline? v=pq9NuvdLZaU&feature=gv http//www. termpaperwarehouse. com/search_results. php? query=vinegar+alternative+battery+ APPENDICES